Ngo-Okthoba 31, 2008, umazisi osayinwe nguSatoshi Nakamoto uxazulule le nkinga ngephepha elinamakhasi ayi-9 lokuthi ungikhokha kanjani kunethiwekhi engaziwa nengahlukaniswanga ngokuphelele.

Manje sesiyazi ukuthi indoda engaqondakali eyaziwa ngokuthi uSatoshi Nakamoto nalawo makhasi ayisishiyagalolunye adalwe ngumoya omncane olingana no-100 billion RMB ku-bitcoin kanye nobuchwepheshe obunika amandla, i-blockchain.

Ngaphandle komuntu wesithathu othembekile, inkinga enkulu ukuthi akekho kithi ongethembana, ngakho-ke emhlabeni we-blockchain, ukudluliswa kuzodingeka kusakazwe ukuze wonke umuntu azi umlando wedola ngalinye lawo wonke umuntu inethiwekhi. Abantu bazoqinisekisa ukuthi yilokho impela engikushilo ngesiginesha ye-elekthronikhi, bese befaka ukudluliswa encwadini. Lejaja iyona block. Ukuxhuma amabhulokhi ndawonye yi-blockchain. Iqopha konke ukuthengiselana kweBitcoin kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo kuze kube namuhla, futhi manje kunamabhulokhi angaba ngu-600,000, anezinkulungwane ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuthengiselana ezirekhodwe kubhulokhi ngayinye, futhi yonke i-akhawunti, kufaka phakathi eyakho neyami, ikhumbula kahle ukuthi inamalini yavela lapho yasetshenziswa khona, futhi isobala futhi ivulekile.

Enethiwekhi ye-blockchain, wonke umuntu uphethe ileja efanayo neyesikhathi sangempela evuselelwe. Akumangazi ukuthi ukuthembeka kweleja kuyisisekelo segugu semali edijithali, futhi uma ileja ingekho esimeni, ayikho imali ezosebenza kahle.

Kepha lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo emibili emisha: ngubani ogcinela wonke umuntu izincwadi? Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi izincwadi azikhohlisiwe?

Ukube wonke umuntu ubengagcina ileja, ukuthengiselana nokulandelana kokuthengiselana okuqukethwe kubhulokhi ngalinye kungahluka, futhi uma bekungafakwa ngamabomu ngamanga, kungaba nesiyaluyalu esikhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola ileja eyamukelekayo kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ngakho-ke umuntu ogcina izincwadi kufanele enze wonke umuntu azamukele ukuze izincwadi zawo wonke umuntu zifane. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi inqubo yokuvumelana.

Namuhla kunezinhlobo zonke zezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuvumelana zama-blockchains ahlukahlukene, futhi isixazululo sikaSatoshi ukwenza inkinga. Noma ngubani osebenzela impendulo kuqala unelungelo lokugcina izincwadi. Le ndlela ibizwa nge-PoW: Proof-of-Work, Proof of Workload.

Uhlobo lobufakazi bokulayishwa komsebenzi luphelele, futhi amandla wezibalo athe xaxa kunedivayisi yakho, ayanda amathuba okuthola impendulo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa ukubethela kwe-hashi.

Thatha i-algorithm ye-SHA256 ngokwesibonelo, noma iluphi uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu olubethelwe ngalo luveza umucu oyingqayizivele wezinombolo ezingama-256-bit kanambambili. Uma okokufaka kwasekuqaleni kuguqulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, inombolo ebethelwe ye-hash izohluka ngokuphelele.

Uhlobo lobufakazi bokulayishwa komsebenzi luphelele, futhi amandla wezibalo athe xaxa kunedivayisi yakho, ayanda amathuba okuthola impendulo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa ukubethela kwe-hashi.

Thatha i-algorithm ye-SHA256 ngokwesibonelo, noma iluphi uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu olubethelwe ngalo luveza umucu oyingqayizivele wezinombolo ezingama-256-bit kanambambili. Uma okokufaka kwasekuqaleni kuguqulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, inombolo ebethelwe ye-hash izohluka ngokuphelele.

Uhlobo lobufakazi bokulayishwa komsebenzi luphelele, futhi amandla wezibalo athe xaxa kunedivayisi yakho, ayanda amathuba okuthola impendulo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa ukubethela kwe-hashi.

Thatha i-algorithm ye-SHA256 ngokwesibonelo, noma iluphi uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu olubethelwe ngalo luveza umucu oyingqayizivele wezinombolo ezingama-256-bit kanambambili. Uma okokufaka kwasekuqaleni kuguqulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, inombolo ebethelwe ye-hash izohluka ngokuphelele.

Uhlobo lobufakazi bokulayishwa komsebenzi luphelele, futhi amandla wezibalo athe xaxa kunedivayisi yakho, ayanda amathuba okuthola impendulo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa ukubethela kwe-hashi.

Thatha i-algorithm ye-SHA256 ngokwesibonelo, noma iluphi uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu olubethelwe ngalo luveza umucu oyingqayizivele wezinombolo ezingama-256-bit kanambambili. Uma okokufaka kwasekuqaleni kuguqulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, inombolo ebethelwe ye-hash izohluka ngokuphelele.

Uhlobo lobufakazi bokulayishwa komsebenzi luphelele, futhi amandla wezibalo athe xaxa kunedivayisi yakho, ayanda amathuba okuthola impendulo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa ukubethela kwe-hashi.

Thatha i-algorithm ye-SHA256 ngokwesibonelo, noma iluphi uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu olubethelwe ngalo luveza umucu oyingqayizivele wezinombolo ezingama-256-bit kanambambili. Uma okokufaka kwasekuqaleni kuguqulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, inombolo ebethelwe ye-hash izohluka ngokuphelele

Lapho sivula ibhulokhi, singabona inani lokuthengiselana okurekhodwe kulelo bhulokhi, imininingwane yokuthengiselana, unhlokweni webhulokhi kanye nolunye ulwazi.

Unhlokweni webhulokhi ilebula lebhulokhi eliqukethe imininingwane efana ne-timestamp, i-Merk tree root hash, inombolo engahleliwe kanye ne-hash yebhulokhi langaphambilini, nokwenza ukubalwa kwesibili kwe-SHA256 kusihloko se-block kuzosinika i-hash yaleli bhulokhi.

Ukulandela umkhondo, kufanele upakishe imininingwane ehlukahlukene kubhlokhi, bese uguqula le nombolo engahleliwe kusihloko se-block ukuze inani lokufaka lisheshe ukuthola inani le-hash lapho izinombolo zokuqala eziyi-0 zingu-0 ngemuva kokubalwa kwe-hash .

Empeleni kunamathuba amabili kuphela edijithi ngayinye: 1 no-0, ngakho-ke amathuba okuphumelela ekuguqukeni ngakunye enombolweni engahleliwe yi-nth eyodwa ka-2. Isibonelo, uma u-n engu-1, okungukuthi, inqobo nje uma inombolo yokuqala ingu-1. 0, khona-ke amathuba empumelelo angu-1 koku-2.

Amandla wekhompyutha amaningi kunethiwekhi, ama-zero amaningi okufanele abalwe, futhi umthwalo womsebenzi uba nzima ukufakazela.

Namuhla, n kunethiwekhi yeBitcoin icishe ibe ngama-76, okuyizinga lempumelelo elingu-1 ezingxenyeni ezingama-76 ku-2 ngamunye, noma cishe 1 ku-755 trillion.

Ngekhadi lemidwebo engu- $ 8,000 RTX 2080Ti, cishe iminyaka eyi-1407 ukubalwa.

Akulula neze ukuthola izibalo kahle, kepha uma usukwenzile, wonke umuntu angaqinisekisa ngokuphazima kweso ukuthi uzithole zilungile. Uma ngabe ilungile impela, wonke umuntu uzoxhuma lelo bhulogi kwileja bese eqala ukupakisha kubhulokhi elilandelayo.

Ngale ndlela, wonke umuntu okwinethiwekhi une-leja efanayo, yesikhathi sangempela evuselelwe.

Futhi ukugcina wonke umuntu ekhuthazekile ukwenza ukugcinwa kwamabhuku, indawo yokuqala yokuqedela ukupakisha ibhulokhi izoklonyeliswa uhlelo, manje oluyi-bitcoins eyi-12.5, noma cishe i-600,000 RMB. Le nqubo yaziwa nangokuthi izimayini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvikela ukuphazanyiswa ileja, ibhulokhi ngalinye elisha elingeziwe lidinga ukurekhoda inani le-hashi lebhulokhi langaphambilini, elaziwa nangokuthi i-hash pointer, kusihloko se-block. Isikhombi esinjengalesi sokuya phambili ekugcineni sizogcina sikhombe ebhlokweni lokuqala lokusungula, liwahlanganise onke amabhlogo ngokuwaqinisa.

Uma uguqula noma yiziphi izinhlamvu kunoma iyiphi ibhulokhi, ushintsha inani le-hashi lalelo bhulokhi, wenze inkomba ye-hash elandelayo yebhlokhi ingasebenzi.

Ngakho-ke kufanele ushintshe isikhombisi se-hashi sebhulokhi elilandelayo, kepha lokho kuthinta inani le-hashi lalelo bhulokhi, ngakho-ke futhi kufanele uphinde ubale inombolo engahleliwe, futhi ngemuva kokuqeda ukubala, kufanele ushintshe ibhulokhi elilandelayo yalelo bhulokhi uze uguqule wonke amabhulokhi ngemuva kwalelo bhulokhi, okunzima kakhulu.

Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kungabi lula ngosozimali ukuthi akwazi ukugcina umkhondo wezinto zomgunyathi noma ngabe efuna. Ngenxa yesiginesha ye-elektroniki, usobhuku akakwazi ukukhohlisa ukudluliselwa komunye umuntu kuye, futhi ngenxa yomlando wencwadi, akakwazi ukushintsha isamba semali ngomoya omncane.

Kepha lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo omusha: uma abantu ababili beqedela izibalo ngasikhathi sinye bese bepakisha ibhulokhi entsha, kufanele balalele bani?

Impendulo ithi noma ngubani omude ngokwanele ukulalela, futhi manje wonke umuntu usengapakisha ngemuva kwawo womabili amabhulokhi. Isibonelo, uma umfana wokuqala oqeda ukubala kumzuliswano olandelayo ekhetha ukuxhuma ku-B, iketanga le-B lizoba lide futhi bonke abanye abantu bazokwazi ukuxhuma ku-B futhi.

Ngaphakathi kwamabhulokhi ayisithupha okupakisha, owinile uvame ukuxazululwa, futhi ukuhweba ngamaketanga okushiywayo kuyahoxiswa kubuyiselwe echibini lokuhweba ukuze kupakishwe.

Kepha njengoba kunguye noma ngubani omude kunabo bonke olalela noma ngubani omude kunabo bonke, inqobo nje uma ungabala kangcono kunabo bonke abanye abantu, namandla akho okubala angaphezulu kwama-51%, ungazitholela iketanga elide kunawo wonke uwedwa, bese ulawula ileja .

Ngakho-ke lapho amandla amakhulu ekhompiyutha abavukuzi emhlabeni weBitcoin, ama-zeroes amaningi wonke umuntu okufanele abale, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho ongalawula ileja.

Kepha amanye ama-blockchains anabahlanganyeli abambalwa awahambi kahle, njengokuhlaselwa kwe-51% kwemali yedijithali ebizwa ngeBitcoin Gold ngoMeyi 15, 2018.

Abahlaseli baqale batshintshela i-bitgold yabo engabiza u- $ 10 million bayishintsha, futhi lokhu kudluliswa kwaqoshwa kubhlokhi A. Abahlaseli baphinde bakwazi ukudlulisela imali yabo ebiza u- $ 10 million bayishintsha. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhlaseli walungisa ngasese ibhlokhi B lapho ukudluliswa kungenzeki khona futhi wabala ibhlokhi entsha ngemuva kwebhlokhi B. Umhlaseli uphinde walungisa ngasese ibhlokhi B lapho ukudluliswa kungenzeki khona.

Lapho ukudluliswa kuketanga A sekuqinisekisiwe, umhlaseli angakhipha igolide elincane ekushintshaneni. Kepha njengoba amandla wekhompuyutha womhlaseli engu-51% omkhulu kunayo yonke inethiwekhi, uchungechunge lwe-B ekugcineni luzoba lude kunechungechunge lwe-A, futhi ngokukhipha iketanga elide B kunethiwekhi yonke, umlando uzobhalwa kabusha, iketanga le-B lizongena esikhundleni se Iketanga njengeketanga eliyinhloko leqiniso, nokudluliselwa ekushintshaneni ku-Block A kuzohoxiswa, kuzuze umhlaseli izigidi eziyishumi mahhala.

Namuhla, indlela elula yomuntu ojwayelekile ongenawo amandla wezibalo ukuthola imali yedijithali ukuyithenga ngokushintshanisa bese uyihoxisa kukheli lakho lesikhwama semali.

Leli kheli livela kukhiye wakho wangasese, obethelwe, futhi ukhiye womphakathi, obethelwe, uthola ikheli.

Enethiwekhi engaziwa njenge-blockchain, ukhiye oyimfihlo kuphela ongafakazela ukuthi nguwe, futhi inqobo nje uma ukudluliswa kuhambisana nesiginesha ye-elekthronikhi eyenziwe ngokhiye wakho wangasese, wonke umuntu angaqinisekisa ukuthi ukudluliswa kusebenza. Ngakho-ke uma ukhiye wangasese uhlehlisiwe, noma ngubani angazenza wena futhi adlulise imali.